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The core role of Ferric Ammonium Citrate in cell culture media is as an efficient and bioavailable iron ion supplement (iron source), while also providing a small amount of nitrogen source and participating in the regulation of cell metabolism and protein expression

HEPES FREE ACID, GMP, EXCIPIENT GRADE is a zwitterionic buffer used to maintain pH of media used in cell cultures. It is one of Good’s twelve buffers that has a pKa value similar to its pH value making it an ideal buffer for pH maintenance. It has only one restriction, it interferes with the Folin protein assay. This buffer can form radicals so it is not suitable for redox studies. HEPES is used as a Good’s buffer because it has low UV absorptivity, minimal reactivity,stable pH and is soluble in water.

Potassium Hydroxide from NANJING CHEMICAL REAGENT CO., LTD. is a white or nearly white crystalline solid available as sticks, pellets, or irregular pieces. It is highly soluble in water and ethanol, forming a clear, colorless solution with a pH above 10.5. This product meets strict purity standards with low levels of impurities such as carbonates, chlorides, sulfates, phosphates, sodium, iron, and heavy metals. It contains at least 59.9% potassium and is suitable for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Packaged in 25 kg drums, it should be stored in a dry, well-ventilated place at room temperature.

L-CYSTINE DISODIUM SALT MONOHYDRATE are Mammalian cells are unable to synthesize sufficient amounts of cysteine/cysteine and require exogenous supplementation. It is reduced to L-cysteine inside the cell and directly participates in protein synthesis. It is an essential amino acid for cell growth and proliferation.